25/02/ · U.S. Black History For a long time, the United States was involved in wars on execution of civil rights. There were always disagreements on how some races were Black History In American history periodic acts of violent resistance by black slaves during more than two centuries of chattel slavery signifying continual deep-rooted discontent with the 25/03/ · Black History Certainly This Early Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: Read Full Paper When attacked, they must defend by any means
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This sample African History Essay is published for informational purposes only. Free essays and research papers, are not written by our writers, they are contributed by users, so we are not responsible for the content of this free sample paper. If you want to buy a high quality essay at affordable price please use our custom essay writing service. Africa lies south of Europe and southwest of Asia. Geographically it is about three times the size of the United States, excluding Alaska and Hawaii. At its northeast corner is Egypt, black history essay, black history essay is connected to the Sinai Peninsula—and hence to the Asian continent by a very narrow strip of land. This is the only spot where Africa touches another continent; otherwise, it is surrounded by water.
The Mediterranean Sea separates it from Europe in the north; the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden lie between it and the Arabian Peninsula to the east. Two vast bodies of water—the Indian Ocean on the eastern side, and the even larger Atlantic on the west—surround the remainder of Africa. One of the greatest civilizations of all time, Egypt, was in Africa, black history essay. Perhaps the only ancient civilizations that can be compared with it are those of Greece and Rome, which were influenced by it. Egypt, of course, has had its own chapter in this series; and Carthage, in North Africa, is also covered elsewhere. The focus of this chapter is entirely on Africa south of the Sahara Desert—that is, sub-Saharan Africa—as well as on the desert itself, black history essay.
That desert would have an impact on African history right up to the modern day; so, too, would the African civilizations of ancient times. There was the kingdom of Kush, which developed its own form of writing and briefly ruled Egypt; the kingdom of Aksum, an important trading center; and the Bantu peoples, who developed ironworking and spread it, along with their languages, throughout the southern part black history essay the African continent. Though there is much dispute regarding how humankind began, paleoanthropologists generally agree that humanity originated in Africa millions of years ago. The Paleolithic Age, or Old Stone Age, probably began there about 2 million years ago. Eventually human ancestors moved out of Africa to other continents. About 10, B.
This was a period black history essay dramatic progress in agriculture, toolmaking, and other areas that created the framework for the development of civilization in about B. Though the Sahara today is virtually uninhabitable, 8, years ago, it was a lush region of rivers and valleys. For thousands of years, it was home to many cultures, some of them quite advanced, to judge from their artwork. Who these peoples were—it appears there were many groups—remains a mystery, though they left behind an extraordinary record in the form of their rock-art paintings and carvings. Black history essay rock art, which varies greatly in its representation of human and animal figures, is divided into four historical groups.
First is the Hunter period, from about to about B. Next was the Herder period, from about to B. As their name suggests, these people maintained herds of animals and also practiced basic agriculture. Much more civilized than the Hunter people, they produced the most sophisticated Saharan rock art, much of it portraying their herds. In fact, their ability to portray perspective and the movement of the human form was much greater than that of the Egyptians. As the Sahara began to become drier and drier, however, there were no more herds. Egyptians began bringing in domesticated horses to cross the desert: hence the name of the Horse period c. By about B. There was only one creature that could: the hardy, seemingly inexhaustible camel. Thus began the Camel era, which continues to the present day.
In the southern part of Egypt, and the northern section of the modern nation of Sudan, is the region of Nubia. Much of it is covered by the Nubian Desert, but as with Egypt, the Nile River provided a fertile strip of land on which a civilization developed. This was the kingdom of Kush, which existed in various forms for nearly 2, years. Thus even today, the peoples of the Horn, particularly in modern Ethiopia and Somalia, have physical features which distinguish them from the peoples living further south. Later, black history essay, the Greek historian Herodotus, describing the multinational force with which the Persians invaded Greek in B. The Kushite civilization reached its peak in the four centuries from B. By then it had become more and more separate from Egypt, black history essay, which was conquered in turn by the Greeks and the Romans.
Kush began to decline after A. According to tradition, they were associated with the black history essay Queen of Sheba, who probably came from southwest Arabia. Whether or not this is true, black history essay, it is clear that Aksum had a strong Arabian influence. By the first century A. The latter was a source of spices, black history essay, a particularly important black history essay of life in the time before refrigerators because they slowed down the spoiling of meat. Aksum also had a line of strong kings, black history essay, who also served a religious function.
In fact, the kings were considered sacred to the point that the queen mother i. The queen mother went by the title of Candace, which is often mistaken for a proper name. It was black history essay like the equivalent of the Roman Caesar. A particularly notable Aksumite monarch was Ezana. But around the same time, he came in contact with two young Syrians shipwrecked at Adulis. Through their influence, he converted to Christianity, which became the religion of Ethiopia from then on. Before Ezana, the Black history essay had worshiped a variety of deities not unlike those of the Egyptians. They built obelisks— tall, freestanding columns of stone—in honor of gods associated with the Moon, warfare, and other aspects of life. During the A.
These were lush areas on the coast of the Arabian Peninsula—quite different from the desert interior—known for growing spices such as frankincense and myrrh. Around the area of modern-day Nigeria, the Bantu peoples had their origins. In some regards, the Bantu do not qualify as a full-fledged civilization the way the Kushites do. They had no written language, nor did they build cities or even stay in one spot, black history essay. Theirs was a history characterized by migration, as they moved black history essay of their homeland in about B. to spread throughout southern Africa. In fact, the Bantu were not even a nation or a unified group of people in the way that the Egyptians, Kushites, or Aksumites were.
They were simply a group of more or less related peoples, all sub-Saharan African i. However, as in many other instances, the important distinction is one of language, not race. It was language that gave the Bantu peoples their distinctive character, which has influenced the culture of southern Africa up to the present day. Whether or not they qualified as a true civilization, black history essay Bantu had a strongly developed culture based on family ties. Families became grouped into clans, and clans into tribes.
As in China, the ancestors played an important role in Bantu religion, black history essay, which also deified the forces of nature. Though they had a variety of gods, the Bantu also believed in a supreme being above all. The world of the Bantu peoples was a tightly knit one, in which everyone had a place and everyone belonged. In modernday southern Africa, where the Bantu peoples settled, this is symbolized by the carefully organized layout of family compounds, or enclosed areas with a number of buildings. In the compound, there are specific areas for each family member, as well as areas for the animals and for cooking and other facets of daily life, black history essay.
No one, it seems, lacked a place in Bantu society, black history essay. To further strengthen the bonds among people, the Bantu were organized by age and gender groups, for instance, older men often belonged to secret societies. This black history essay not unlike the idea of the Masonic lodge in modern America, black history essay. For the Bantu, however, the strength of the ties between people meant much more than such ties do to Americans. Whereas Americans are defined partly by their independence, interdependence was and is a defining characteristic of Bantu society. Each society has a certain way that it transmits its values: that is, the things that are important to it. In modern America, values are transmitted primarily through the media: TV, black history essay, movies, radio, magazines, and newspapers.
The Bantu, lacking a written language, had a strong oral tradition. In other words, they transmitted their values, and indeed much of their cultural heritage, primarily through stories committed to memory by elders. Music was also an important part of black history essay Bantu oral tradition. At musical performances, everyone present participated. Participation was easy, because every member of the tribe knew the songs—which concerned aspects of daily life as well as the stories of legendary heroes—from early childhood. Another notable quality of the Bantu was their technological advancement in the area of ironworking, a remarkable achievement for a people who had no written language. The Olmec of Mesoamerica, by contrast, did have a written language, yet they never progressed beyond the Bronze Age— and then only in about A.
Since the Sahara Desert provided a virtually impenetrable barrier between the Bantu peoples and the Egyptians, it is apparent that they developed their iron-smelting technology entirely on their own. The same is true of Bantu agriculture: studies by archaeologists and linguists suggest that domestication of plants occurred more or less simultaneously—and independently—in several parts of Africa before the Sahara became a desert. As for iron-working, it flourished as early as B. among the Nok people, black history essay, a Bantu group in what is now Nigeria. The Nok also excelled in textile-weaving, sculpture, and jewelry-making. Based on the large number of high-quality figurines, or small sculptures, found at Nok archaeological sites, they must have been wealthy.
As with the ancient Saharan culture at its high point, only people well past the point of mere survival could afford to spend so much energy on creating beauty. Historians know about several other important ancient African cultures because of their contact with the Phoenicians or the Egyptians. Among the Africans with whom the Phoenicians traded were people living in what is probably now the nation of Senegal in West Africa. The western portion of the continent would become the site for a number of important African kingdoms during the period of the Middle Ages in Europe. Among these were Ghana, Mali, and the Songhai kingdom.
Deep in the Sahara arose the kingdom of Kanem-Bornu, which lasted for a thousand years from about A.
9th Annual Black History Essay Contest 2013
, time: 43:04Black History Essays: Examples, Topics, Titles, & Outlines
Black History In American history periodic acts of violent resistance by black slaves during more than two centuries of chattel slavery signifying continual deep-rooted discontent with the 26/01/ · Black History: The Importance Of African American History Technically all history is important whether it is the history that has been taught in schools for years or African Even if a young person looks at his or her own personal family history and genealogy, he or she will find that the lives of their ancestors and their own personal lives are entwined in the
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